Human Reproduction, Vol 12, 2792-2796, Copyright © 1997 by Oxford University Press
D Dozortsev, C Qian, A Ermilov, A Rybouchkin, P De Sutter and M Dhont
We have previously shown that sperm plasma membrane damage makes the sperm
plasma membrane permeable and the sperm nucleus accessible for low
molecular weight molecules such as eosin and dithiothreitol. In the present
study, we investigated whether this damage is associated with a passive
release of the sperm-associated oocyte activating factor (SAOAF) from the
spermatozoon and, if so, its time sequence. In a first study, human oocytes
remaining unfertilized after conventional in-vitro fertilization (IVF) or
intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and freshly ovulated mouse oocytes
were injected with a whole spermatozoon or a sperm head respectively. They
were randomly allocated to one of three groups: oocytes in group 1 were
injected with a spermatozoon immobilized or sperm head detached immediately
prior to the injection; oocytes in group 2 were injected with a
spermatozoon immobilized or sperm head detached 2-4 h before injection;
oocytes in group 3 were injected with a spermatozoon or sperm head that had
been subjected to heat treatment. The activation rate of oocytes injected
with a spermatozoon or sperm head was the same for groups 1 and 2, and
significantly higher than in group 3 (P < 0.001). In a second series of
experiments, human oocytes remaining unfertilized after IVF or ICSI were
injected with a sperm head that was subsequently removed from the ooplasm
20-30 min after injection. The activation rates were compared to that of
oocytes injected with heat-treated spermatozoa which subsequently were
removed from the ooplasm. We found that the removal of the spermatozoon 30
min after injection did not prevent oocyte activation. Our data indicate
that the initial damage to the sperm plasma membrane induced at
immobilization, although essential for the onset of sperm nuclear swelling
after ICSI, does not by itself lead to the release of SAOAF from the
spermatozoon. We postulate, however, that SAOAF is released during the
sperm nuclear swelling phase, which is induced by the so-called sperm
nucleus decondensing factor (SNDF) of the oocyte.
ARTICLES
Sperm-associated oocyte-activating factor is released from the spermatozoon within 30 minutes after injection as a result of the sperm- oocyte interaction
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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