Human Reproduction, Vol 12, 321-327, Copyright © 1997 by Oxford University Press
C Staessen and AC Van Steirteghem
The aim of this study was to analyse the chromosomal constitution of
embryos developing from mono- (1PN) and tripronuclear (3PN) oocytes, after
in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and after intracytoplasmic sperm injection
(ICSI) into oocytes, by means of the fluorescent in-situ hybridization
(FISH) technique with specific probes for the chromosomes X, Y and 18. FISH
analysis was carried out on embryos from 3PN oocytes: 106 after ICSI and 71
after conventional IVF. In the 3PN embryos after ICSI, equal ratios of XXX
and XXY were observed and no XYY embryos were present. This shows the
digynic origin of such 3PN embryos. On the other hand, after conventional
IVF, the XYY status indicative of dispermic fertilization was observed in
some embryos. After IVF, only 12.7% of the 3PN oocytes developed into
embryos with uniformly triploid blastomeres, compared with 55.7% after ICSI
(P < 0.001). On the other hand, after ICSI only 16.0% of the embryos
developing from 3PN oocytes were mosaic, compared with 42.3% after
conventional IVF (P < 0.001). FISH was also carried out on embryos from
1PN oocytes: 61 after ICSI and 115 after conventional IVF. In 35.6% of IVF
embryos developing from 1PN oocytes Y-specific hybridization signals were
observed. This indicates that in 70-75% of such cases a spermatozoon had
penetrated the oocyte and that only 25-30% of them were parthenogenetic. A
significantly higher proportion (P < 0.001) of embryos developing from
1PN oocytes were diploid after IVF (48.7%) than after ICSI (27.9%); equal
ratios of XX and XY embryos were observed in the two groups. Formation of a
single pronucleus in an embryo subsequently shown to be diploid indicates
that normal fertilization was followed by asynchronous formation of
pronuclei. A significantly (P < 0.001) higher proportion of 1PN oocytes
developed into haploid embryos after ICSI (31.2%) than after conventional
IVF (13.1%). In both groups most of the haploid embryos were X-bearing
(IVF, 93.3%; ICSI, 84.2%) and only a few were Y-bearing (IVF, 6.7%; ICSI,
15.8%). A contribution of normal fertilization and androgenetic activation
thus led to 1PN oocytes. Gynogenetic and/or parthenogenetic activation,
both leading to indistinguishable chromosomal distributions, also
contributed to the formation of 1PN oocytes after ICSI and IVF.
ARTICLES
The chromosomal constitution of embryos developing from abnormally fertilized oocytes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection and conventional in-vitro fertilization
Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Dutch-speaking Brussels Free University (Vrije Universiteit Brussel), Belgium.
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