Human Reproduction, Vol 12, 727-733, Copyright © 1997 by Oxford University Press
L Gandini, F Lombardo, A Lenzi, F Culasso, R Pacifici, P Zuccaro and F Dondero
Swim-up spermatozoa from the seminal samples of non-smokers, usually not
exposed to passive smoking, were treated in vitro with nicotine (NIC) and
cotinine (COT) at the average levels found in smokers' seminal plasma and
at levels 500 times higher than this average. This was done to evaluate the
action of these drugs on sperm motility. Each sample was allowed to swim up
in Tyrode's solution with or without the drug; the study was carried out at
time 0 and +1, +2, +4, +8 and +24 h of incubation, using a light microscope
and a CASA system (experiment 1). In addition, the direct action of smoke
on spermatozoa was studied using aspirated cigarette smoke (experiment 2).
Kinetic parameters were then measured at 30 min, 45 min and 60 min starting
from the last smoke injection. The first experiment showed that NIC and COT
at average levels did not produce statistically significant variations of
the kinetic parameters studied up to 24 h. However, the much higher
concentration significantly altered all the kinetic variables in relation
to the time of incubation. The second experiment with smoke in toto
demonstrated a sharp reduction in all the sperm kinetic parameters. This
reduction was seen after 30 min exposure to smoke and increased
progressively until almost complete immotility at 1 h of exposure. These
results suggest that NIC and COT are not responsible for the harmful
effects of cigarette smoke on sperm kinetic parameters reported in the
literature.
ARTICLES
The in-vitro effects of nicotine and cotinine on sperm motility
Department of Medical Pathophysiology, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy.
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