Human Reproduction, Vol 12, 809-814, Copyright © 1997 by Oxford University Press
H Laverge, P De Sutter, MR Verschraegen-Spae, A De Paepe and M Dhont
The potential for implantation of human embryos obtained by in-vitro
fertilization is presumably determined to a large extent by their
chromosomal constitution but cytogenetic analysis of preimplantation
embryos has been hampered by a number of practical and technical problems.
With the advent of fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) a practical
method for numerical chromosomal analysis has become available. A limited
amount of data has been obtained with FISH on human embryos using probes
binding to chromosomes X, Y, 16, 18 and 13/21 combined or for chromosomes X
and Y or 1 and 17. It was our purpose to extend these data by the combined
analysis of chromosomes X, Y and 1 in spare human embryos. A short
fluorescent in-situ hybridization procedure involving the simultaneous use
of three deoxyribonucleic acid probes detected with red, green, and a
mixture of red and green was used to determine chromosomal abnormalities in
116 spare embryos with a poor morphological score and/or displaying one or
more multinucleated blastomeres. The majority of the embryos was obtained
by intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Less than half of the embryos (n = 54)
were diploid and only 39 of them were uniformly XY11 or XX11; two embryos
showed a non-disjunction and 13 embryos were aneuploid. Of the remainder,
22 were mosaic, nine were either haploid, triploid or tetraploid and 12
embryos were classified as chaotic. The latter pattern was particularly
frequent in multinucleated blastomeres. Our data are comparable with those
obtained with FISH using other chromosomal probes and confirm that the
majority of preimplantation embryos carry a numerical chromosomal defect.
Aneuploidy for chromosome 1 does not appear to be more common in
preimplantation embryos than is reported for other chromosomes. Although
the high incidence of chromosomal anomalies is presumably biased by the
fact that only embryos with a poor morphological score were analysed, it
nevertheless indicates that natural selection is the foremost reason for
the low implantation rates of human preimplantation embryos in in-vitro
fertilization (IVF) programmes.
ARTICLES
Triple colour fluorescent in-situ hybridization for chromosomes X,Y and 1 on spare human embryos
Infertility Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital, Gent, Belgium.
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