Human Reproduction, Vol 12, 1047-1055, Copyright © 1997 by Oxford University Press
J Van Blerkom, M Antczak and R Schrader
Regardless of whether fertilization occurs in vivo or in vitro, a large
proportion of human embryos do not develop progressively through the
pre-implantation stages or arrest development after implantation. This
study examined the association between the chromosomal/spindle normality of
the mature human oocyte and the dissolved oxygen content, vascular
endothelial growth factor concentration (VEGF) and perifollicular blood
flow characteristics of the corresponding ovarian follicles. Findings from
>1000 samples of follicular fluid show that developmentally significant
differences in dissolved oxygen content occur in follicular fluids
aspirated from follicles of equivalent size and ultrasonographic
appearance. Oocytes from severely hypoxic follicles were associated with
high frequencies of abnormalities in the organization of the chromosomes on
the metaphase spindle that could lead to segregation disorders and
catastrophic mosaicisms in the early embryo. Oocytes with cytoplasmic
defects and cleavage stage embryos with multinucleated blastomeres are
derived predominantly from severely hypoxic follicles. VEGF measurements of
follicular fluid and colour pulsed Doppler ultrasonographic analysis of
follicle-specific blood flow characteristics indicated a potentially
important role for this factor both in perifollicular angiogenesis and in
the regulation of intrafollicular oxygen levels. The results are discussed
with respect to how severe intrafollicular hypoxia may influence the
normality of chromosomal organization and segregation in the oocyte, and
whether detailed pulsed Doppler analysis of individual pre-ovulatory
follicles may provide an indirect indication of the 'health' of the
follicle and possibly the developmental competence of the corresponding
oocyte.
ARTICLES
The developmental potential of the human oocyte is related to the dissolved oxygen content of follicular fluid: association with vascular endothelial growth factor levels and perifollicular blood flow characteristics
Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309, USA.
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