Human Reproduction, Vol 13, 3434-3440, Copyright © 1998 by Oxford University Press
DK Gardner, WB Schoolcraft, L Wagley, T Schlenker, J Stevens and J Hesla
The effectiveness of blastocyst culture and transfer in human in-vitro
fertilization (IVF) was evaluated in a prospective randomized trial in
patients having a moderate to good response to gonadotrophin stimulation.
Embryos were transferred either on day 3 after culture to around the 8-cell
stage in Ham's F-10 medium supplemented with fetal cord serum, or on day 5
after culture to the blastocyst stage in the sequential serum-free media G
1.2 and G 2.2. The pregnancy rates after transfer on day 3 or day 5 were
equivalent, 66 and 71% respectively; however, significantly more embryos
were transferred on day 3 (3.7) than on day 5 (2.2). The number of
blastocysts transferred did not affect the implantation rate, and pregnancy
rates when either two or three blastocysts were transferred were 68 and 87%
respectively. The implantation rate of the blastocysts (50.5% fetal heart
beat) was significantly higher compared to the cleavage stage embryos
transferred on day 3 (30.1%). The percentage of blastocyst development was
not affected by the number of 2-pronuclear embryos, or by maternal age.
Irrespective of the number of blastocysts formed, pregnancy rates were
similar. Furthermore, the pregnancy rate following blastocyst transfer in
patients with 10 or more follicles at the time of human chorionic
gonadotrophin administration was not affected by patient age. More than 60%
of patients having blastocyst culture and transfer had supernumerary
embryos for cryopreservation. The establishment of a pregnancy following
thaw and transfer confirmed the viability of cryopreserved blastocysts
cultured in the absence of serum or co- culture. The ability to transfer
just two blastocysts while maintaining high pregnancy rates will therefore
help to eliminate high order multiple gestations and improve the overall
efficiency of human IVF.
ARTICLES
A prospective randomized trial of blastocyst culture and transfer in in- vitro fertilization
Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Englewood 80110, USA.
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M. Ludwig, B. Schopper, A. Katalinic, R. Sturm, S. Al-Hasani, and K. Diedrich Experience with the elective transfer of two embryos under the conditions of the German embryo protection law: results of a retrospective data analysis of 2573 transfer cycles Hum. Reprod., February 1, 2000; 15(2): 319 - 324. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Ludwig, B. Schopper, S. Al-Hasani, and K. Diedrich Clinical use of a pronuclear stage score following intracytoplasmic sperm injection: impact on pregnancy rates under the conditions of the German embryo protection law Hum. Reprod., February 1, 2000; 15(2): 325 - 329. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A.P. Gandhi, M. Lane, D.K. Gardner, and R.L. Krisher A single medium supports development of bovine embryos throughout maturation, fertilization and culture Hum. Reprod., February 1, 2000; 15(2): 395 - 401. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Ali, M.A.M. Shahata, and S.D. Al-Natsha Formulation of a protein-free medium for human assisted reproduction Hum. Reprod., January 1, 2000; 15(1): 145 - 156. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D.H. Edgar, H. Bourne, A.L. Speirs, and J.C. McBain A quantitative analysis of the impact of cryopreservation on the implantation potential of human early cleavage stage embryos Hum. Reprod., January 1, 2000; 15(1): 175 - 179. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Gerris, D. De Neubourg, K. Mangelschots, E. Van Royen, M. Van de Meerssche, and M. Valkenburg Prevention of twin pregnancy after in-vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection based on strict embryo criteria: a prospective randomized clinical trial Hum. Reprod., October 1, 1999; 14(10): 2581 - 2587. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P.M. Rijnders and C.A.M. Jansen Influence of group culture and culture volume on the formation of human blastocysts: a prospective randomized study Hum. Reprod., September 1, 1999; 14(9): 2333 - 2337. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. P. Dickey, R. Pyrzak, D. K. Gardner, and W. B. Schoolcraft Extraordinary implantation rates with fresh blastocyst transfer: better culture conditions or selection of the best patients? Hum. Reprod., August 1, 1999; 14(8): 2178 - 2179. [Full Text] [PDF]
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V. Karande and N. Gleicher A rational approach to the management of low responders in in-vitro fertilization: Opinion Hum. Reprod., July 1, 1999; 14(7): 1744 - 1748. [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Jurisicova, M. Antenos, K. Kapasi, J. Meriano, and R. F. Casper Variability in the expression of trophectodermal markers {beta}-human chorionic gonadotrophin, human leukocyte antigen-G and pregnancy specific {beta}-1 glycoprotein by the human blastocyst Hum. Reprod., July 1, 1999; 14(7): 1852 - 1858. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. A. Damario and D. A. Dumesic A randomized trial of blastocyst culture and transfer in in-vitro fertilization Hum. Reprod., June 1, 1999; 14(6): 1663 - 1663. [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. K. Gardner and W. B. Schoolcraft A randomized trial of blastocyst culture and transfer in in-vitro fertilization: Reply Hum. Reprod., June 1, 1999; 14(6): 1663a - 1663a. [Full Text] [PDF]
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R.G. Edwards and H. K. Beard Is the success of human IVF more a matter of genetics and evolution than growing blastocysts? Hum. Reprod., January 1, 1999; 14(1): 1 - 6. [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Sakkas The use of blastocyst culture to avoid inheritance of an abnormal paternal genome after ICSI Hum. Reprod., January 1, 1999; 14(1): 4 - 5. [Full Text] [PDF]
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