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Human Reproduction, Vol. 14, No. 9, 2396-2401, September 1999
© 1999 European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology

Evidence for infection of the human embryo with adeno-associated virus in pregnancy

Tatiana Burguete1, Michèle Rabreau2, Marianne Fontanges-Darriet3, Edith Roset4, Hans-Dieter Hager5, Alexandra Köppel5, Paul Bischof4 and Jörg R. Schlehofer1,6

1 Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Angewandte Tumorvirologie, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany, 2 Institut d'Histo Cyto Pathologie, 114 Av Léon Blum,F-33194 Le Bouscat, France, 3 Cabinet de Chirurgie Gynécologique et d'Obstétrique, Echographie et Diagnostic Ante-Natal, Polyclinique Jean Villar, Av Maryse-Bastié, F-33520 Bruges/Bordeaux, France, 4 Département de Gynecologie et Obstétrique, Hôpital Contonal Universitaire, 32bis, Bd. de la Cluse, CH-1211 Genève 14, Switzerland and 5 Institut für Humangenetik, Abteilung Zytogenetik, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328,D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany

Previous reports have demonstrated the presence of DNA of the human helper virus-dependent adeno-associated parvovirus (AAV) in uterine tissue and curettage material from early miscarriage. To examine infection of embryonic tissue during pregnancy, amnion fluids were analysed for the presence of AAV. Using polymerase chain reaction, AAV DNA was detected in 64 out of 238 DNA samples extracted from amnion cells. DNA of helper viruses were found in 12% (papillomavirus) and 18% (cytomegalovirus) of the samples (double infections with AAV in eight and nine cases, respectively). Furthermore, infectious AAV virions were found in 13 out of 43 AAV DNA-containing samples. In mothers with AAV DNA-positive amnion fluids, premature amniorrhexis and premature labour occurred significantly more frequently (P < 0.001). Using an immunofluorescence assay, 24% of newborn sera (unrelated to the amnion fluid samples) were found to contain IgM antibodies to AAV, in most cases paralleled by IgM antibodies in the mother's sera. The data demonstrate that AAV infection can occur in utero at early and at late stages of pregnancy. The observed complications at delivery should encourage studies to clarify possible pathological consequences of AAV infection in pregnancy and a possible latent infection of the fetus.

Key words: adeno-associated virus/amniocentesis/in-utero infection/trophoblast cells/virus infection in pregnancy

6 To whom correspondence should be addressed


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