Skip Navigation

This Article
Right arrow FREE Full Text (PDF ) Freely available
Right arrow Submit a response
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when eLetters are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to My Personal Archive
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Benagiano, G.
Right arrow Articles by Primiero, F. M.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow Articles by Benagiano, G.
Right arrow Articles by Primiero, F. M.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us  
What's this?

Human Reproduction, Vol. 15, No. suppl_1, pp. 101-118, 2000
© 2000 European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology

The endometrium and hormonal contraceptives

Giuseppe Benagiano1, Alessandra Pera and Francesco M. Primiero

Istituto Superiore di Sanità and Ist Institute of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University ‘la Sapienza’ Rome, Italy

Correspondence: 1To whom correspondence should be addressed

Contraceptive progestogens have a series of effects on the endometrium that depend on the existence of oestrogen priming and therefore on the time of administration, the route through which the hormone is released to the body (systemic or locally in utero) and the available daily dose. The effects of a contraceptive progestogen can be divided into two main categories: changes in the endometrial structure and vascularization and alterations of the menstrual bleeding pattern. Whereas orally administered progestogens usually cause endometrial decidualization and an important stromal reaction, the i.m., or local, intrauterine delivery is more apt to cause atrophia. Finally, all progestogens, when given alone at contraceptive doses (and irrespective of their mechanism of action), cause some disruption of menstrual bleeding patterns. This is maximal with injectable, long-acting progestogens, such as depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate and norethisterone enantate.

Key words: bleeding irregularities/contraceptive progestogens/endometrium/hormonal contraception


Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Mol Hum ReprodHome page
S. Defrere, J.C. Lousse, R. Gonzalez-Ramos, S. Colette, J. Donnez, and A. Van Langendonckt
Potential involvement of iron in the pathogenesis of peritoneal endometriosis
Mol. Hum. Reprod., July 1, 2008; 14(7): 377 - 385.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Disclaimer: Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues. All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, but the Publisher will not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies. If you require any further clarification, please contact our Customer Services Department.