Human Reproduction, Vol. 16, No. 9, 1893-1899,
September 2001
© 2001 European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology
Endometrial markers of uterine receptivity utilizing the donor oocyte model
1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and 2 Department of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA, 4 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland and 5 The Center for Reproductive Medicine and Infertility, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
BACKGROUND: Ethical constraints limit the ability to study peri-implantation phase human endometrium. In this study, the donor oocyte model was used to study candidate endometrial markers of uterine receptivity. METHODS: Archived, paraffin-embedded tissue obtained by endometrial biopsy during cycle days 21–23 of patients undergoing `mock' hormonal treatment cycles were evaluated by standard histological criteria and immunohistochemical staining for 
vß3 integrin and glycodelin. All of these patients (n = 101) had undergone a donor oocyte embryo transfer cycle utilizing the exact same hormonal protocol. RESULTS: Histological evaluation revealed 62 (61.3%) in-phase, 34 (33.7%) dyssynchronous, 2 (2.0%) immature and 3 (3.0%) advanced endometria. The clinical outcomes of patients with either in-phase or dyssynchronous endometria were similar. Very strong correlations were noted between endometrial glandular dating and either vß3 integrin or glycodelin immunostaining intensity (P < 0.001 for both). Glycodelin and vß3 integrin immunostaining intensities were also highly correlated with each other (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Throughout the time period corresponding to the putative window of maximal endometrial receptivity (cycle days 21–23) a dynamic process was observed in exogenous hormonal replacement cycles characterized by a rapid histological advancement of endometrial glandular elements as well as progressive vß3 integrin and glycodelin expression.
Key words: endometrial receptivity/integrins/glycodelin/implantation/oocyte donation
6 To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.E-mail: damario.mark{at}mayo.edu
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