Human Reproduction, Vol. 18, No. 12, 2704-2710,
December 2003
© 2003 European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology
Does caffeine and alcohol intake before pregnancy predict the occurrence of spontaneous abortion?
1 Danish Epidemiology Science Centre at the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Kommunehospitalet, DK-1399, Copenhagen, 2 Centre for Alcohol Research, National Institute of Public Health, Svanemollevej 25, DK-2100, Copenhagen, 3 Danish Cancer Society, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen, 4 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Kettegaard Alle 30, DK-2650, Hvidovre and 5 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hillerod Hospital, Helsevej 2, DK-3400, Hillerød, Denmark
6 To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: susanne{at}cancer.dk
BACKGROUND: Consumption of caffeine and alcohol is suspected to affect pregnancy outcome. Use of both stimulants is widespread and even minor effects on fetal viability are of public health interest. METHODS: We performed a nested case–control study using prospective data from a population-based cohort comprising 11 088 women aged 20–29 years. From this cohort, women who experienced either a spontaneous abortion (n = 303) or who gave birth (n = 1381) during follow-up [mean time: 2.1 years (range: 1.6–3.4)] were selected. Associations between self-reported exposures to caffeine and/or alcohol at enrolment and spontaneous abortion were analysed by means of logistic regression. RESULTS: Compared with women with a pre-pregnancy intake of <75 mg caffeine per day, the adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for spontaneous abortion was 1.26 (0.77–2.06), 1.45 (0.87–2.41), 1.44 (0.87–2.37) and 1.72 (1.00–2.96) for a pre-pregnancy intake on 75–300, 301–500, 501–900 and >900 mg caffeine per day respectively (P = 0.05 for trend). A pre-pregnancy intake of alcohol was not a predictor for spontaneous abortion. CONCLUSIONS: A high intake of caffeine prior to pregnancy seems to be associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion, whereas a low-to-moderate alcohol intake does not influence the risk.
Key words: alcohol drinking/caffeine/epidemiology/risk factors/spontaneous abortion
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