Human Reproduction, Vol. 19, No. 1, 129-138,
January 2004
© 2004 European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology
Relationship between ROS production, apoptosis and DNA denaturation in spermatozoa from patients examined for infertility
1 Center for Advanced Research in Human Reproduction, Infertility, and Sexual Function, Glickman Urological Institute, and 3 Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA and 2 Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
4 To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Center for Advanced Research in Human Reproduction, Infertility, and Sexual Function, Glickman Urological Institute and Department of Obstetrics–Gynecology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk A19.1, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. e-mail: agarwaa{at}ccf.org
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine the role of apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in inducing DNA damage in ejaculated spermatozoa. METHODS: We examined ejaculated spermatozoa from 31 patients examined for infertility and 19 healthy donors for apoptosis, production of ROS and DNA damage using annexin V binding, chemiluminescence assay and sperm chromatin structure assay. RESULTS: The percentage of spermatozoa that underwent apoptosis in the whole ejaculate and mature fraction was higher in the patients than in the donors (P < 0.001 and P = 0.009, respectively). Levels of ROS in the whole ejaculate and immature fraction were higher in the patients than in the donors (P = 0.002 and P = 0.009). Apoptosis was significantly correlated with ROS within patients in the whole ejaculate [r (95% confidence interval) = 0.53 (0.19–0.86)] and in the mature [0.71 (0.39–1.00)] and immature spermatozoa [0.75 (0.45–1.00)]. Only apoptosis and the DNA fragmentation index (DFI) were significantly correlated within patients in the whole ejaculate [0.57 (0.18–0.97)]. CONCLUSIONS: DNA damage may be induced by oxidative assault. Apoptosis may not contribute significantly to the DNA damage.
Key words: apoptosis/DNA damage/reactive oxygen species/spermatozoa
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