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Hum. Reprod. Advance Access originally published online on July 8, 2004
Human Reproduction 2004 19(10):2350-2355; doi:10.1093/humrep/deh407
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Human Reproduction vol. 19 no. 10 © European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology 2004; all rights reserved

Uterine leiomyoma and menstrual cycle characteristics in a population-based cohort study

J.L. Marino1,2, B. Eskenazi1,5, M. Warner1, S. Samuels1, P. Vercellini3, N. Gavoni3 and D. Olive4

1 School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, 2 School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Milan School of Medicine, Milan, Italy and 4 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

5 To whom correspondence should be addressed at: School of Public Health, University of California, 140 Warren Hall, Berkeley,CA 94720-7360, USA. Email: eskenazi{at}calmail.berkeley.edu

BACKGROUND: We examined the association of uterine leiomyoma with menstrual cycle characteristics in a population of non-care-seeking women. METHODS: This cross-sectional study uses data from the Seveso Women's Health Study (SWHS), a population-based cohort in Italy. Participants included 341 premenopausal women, 30–60 years old, who had an intact uterus and were not pregnant, lactating, or using oral contraception or intra-uterine devices. We examined the presence of any ultrasound-detected uterine leiomyoma in relation to self-reported menstrual cycle length, flow length and heaviness of flow. The association of leiomyoma number, volume, tissue layer location and axial position with menstrual cycle characteristics was also examined. RESULTS: Uterine leiomyomata were detected in 73 women (21.4%). After adjustment for covariates, the presence of a leiomyoma was not significantly related to menstrual cycle length, flow length or heaviness of flow [odds ratio (OR) for scanty flow =1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.8–4.3; OR for heavy flow =1.3, 95% CI 0.7–2.5; relative to moderate flow]. Number, volume, tissue layer location (subserosal or intramural) and axial position (anterior or posterior) of the leiomyoma were also not related to menstrual cycle characteristics. CONCLUSION: In this Italian population of women not seeking gynaecological care, menstrual characteristics are not related to leiomyoma.

Key words: epidemiology/leiomyoma/menstrual cycle/transvaginal ultrasound


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