Hum. Reprod. Advance Access originally published online on August 27, 2004
Human Reproduction 2004 19(11):2573-2580; doi:10.1093/humrep/deh444
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Urinary levels of insecticide metabolites and DNA damage in human sperm
1 Department of Environmental Health and 3 Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, 4 Nursing Program, School for Health Studies, Simmons College, 6 Vincent Memorial Obstetrics and Gynecology Service, Andrology Laboratory and In Vitro Fertilization Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 2 Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA and 5 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
7 To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Environmental Health, Occupational Health Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Building 1 Room 1405, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Email: rhauser{at}hohp.harvard.edu
BACKGROUND: Members of the general population are exposed to non-persistent insecticides at low levels. The present study explored whether environmental exposures to carbaryl and chlorpyrifos are associated with DNA damage in human sperm. METHODS: Subjects (n=260) were recruited through a Massachusetts infertility clinic. Individual exposures were measured as spot urinary metabolite concentrations of chlorpyrifos [3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY)] and carbaryl [1-naphthol (1N)], adjusted using specific gravity. Sperm DNA integrity was assessed by neutral comet assay and reported as comet extent, percentage DNA in comet tail (Tail%) and tail distributed moment (TDM). RESULTS: A statistically significant increase in Tail% was found for an interquartile range (IQR) increase in both 1N [coefficient = 4.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9–6.3] and TCPY (2.8; 0.9–4.6), while a decrease in TDM was associated with IQR changes in 1N (–2.2; –4.9 to 0.5) and TCPY (–2.5; –4.7 to –0.2). A negative correlation between Tail% and TDM was present only when stratified by comet extent, suggesting that Tail% and TDM may measure different types of DNA damage within comet extent strata. CONCLUSIONS: Environmental exposure to carbaryl and chlorpyrifos may be associated with increased DNA damage in human sperm, as indicated by a change in comet assay parameters.
Key words: comet assay/DNA damage/exposure/insecticides
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