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Hum. Reprod. Advance Access originally published online on October 7, 2004
Human Reproduction 2004 19(11):2594-2604; doi:10.1093/humrep/deh513
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Human Reproduction vol. 19 no. 11 © European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology 2004; all rights reserved

WAVE1, an A-kinase anchoring protein, during mammalian spermatogenesis

Vanesa Y. Rawe1,4, João Ramalho-Santos1,2, Christopher Payne1, Hector E. Chemes3 and Gerald Schatten1

1 Pittsburgh Development Center, Magee–Women's Research Institute, Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, and Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA, 2 Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Zoology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal, 3 Laboratory of Testicular Physiology and Pathology, Center for Research in Endocrinology, National Research Council (CONICET), Endocrinology Division, Buenos Aires Children's Hospital, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina

4 To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Centro de Estudios en Ginecologia y Reproduccion, Viamonte 1438, (1055) Buenos Aires, Argentina. Email: vanerawe{at}hotmail.com

BACKGROUND: Proper compartmentalization of signalling cascades is paramount to many intracellular activities during spermatogenesis and sperm function. In the present study we focus on the A-kinase-anchoring protein (AKAP) WAVE1, a member of the Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome (WASP) family of adaptor proteins, to study its localization throughout mammalian spermatogenesis. METHODS: Using transmission electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry and western blotting, we examined the distribution of WAVE1 and putative partners during mammalian spermatogenesis. The localization and association of PKA RII, the regulatory subunit II of protein kinase A, tyrosine kinase Abl, and small GTPase RAC1 were also explored. RESULTS: WAVE1 localization in spermatocytes and round spermatids coincided with Golgi apparatus distribution, whereas in elongated spermatids and testicular sperm WAVE1 localized to the mitochondrial sheath. Following epididymal passage, WAVE1 was found exclusively on the mitochondrial sheath, suggesting that the protein may function in this region. WAVE1 and PKA RII co-localized along the mitochondrial sheath, PKA RII concentrates in the mid-piece, and RAC1 associated with the post-acrosomal region and the connecting piece. The distribution of WAVE1, PKA RII and RAC1 is conserved in mature mouse, bull, baboon and human sperm. CONCLUSIONS: The data support the possibility of a functional signalling unit established by WAVE1 and its associated proteins in the mid-piece of maturing sperm.

Key words: AKAP/Golgi/mitochondrial sheath/sperm/WAVE1


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