Hum. Reprod. Advance Access originally published online on May 13, 2004
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Human Reproduction, Vol. 19, No. 7, 1580-1586,
July 2004
© 2004 European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology
Four zona pellucida glycoproteins are expressed in the human*
1 Reproductive Biology and Genetics Group, Division of Medical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, 2 Assisted Conception Unit, Birmingham Women’s Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TG, 3 Molecular Embryology Unit, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, 4 School of Chemical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT and 5 Division of Biology, School of Environmental and Applied Sciences, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK
The first two authors contributed equally to this work.
6 To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: c.l.barratt{at}bham.ac.uk
BACKGROUND: The zona pellucida (ZP) is an extracellular glycoprotein matrix which surrounds all mammalian oocytes. Recent data have shown the presence of four human zona genes (ZP1, ZP2, ZP3 and ZPB). The aim of the study was to determine if all four ZP proteins are expressed and present in the human. METHODS: cDNA derived from human oocytes were used to amplify by PCR the four ZP genes. In addition, isolated native human ZP were heat-solubilized, trypsin-digested and subjected to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). RESULTS: All four genes were expressed and the respective proteins present in the human ZP. Moreover, a bioinformatics approach showed that the mouse ZPB gene, although present, is likely to encode a non-functional protein. CONCLUSIONS: Four ZP genes are expressed in human oocytes (ZP1, ZP2, ZP3 and ZPB) and preliminary data show that the four corresponding ZP proteins are present in the human ZP. Therefore, this is a fundamental difference with the mouse model
Key words: human/mouse ZPB/oocyte/proteomics/zona pellucida
* Part of this work has been presented at ESHRE 2003 held in Madrid [L.Lefièvre et al. (2003), Hum. Reprod., 18 (Suppl. 1), 0–266: 91].
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