Hum. Reprod. Advance Access originally published online on May 12, 2005
Human Reproduction 2005 20(9):2434-2440; doi:10.1093/humrep/dei071
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Is granulocyte colony-stimulating factor level predictive for human IVF outcome?
1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Campus Kiel, University Hospitals Schleswig-Holstein, Michaelisstraße 16, 24105 Kiel and 2 Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
3 To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: asalmassi{at}email.uni-kiel.de
BACKGROUND: We investigated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in human reproduction. METHODS: From a total sample of 93 patients, we analysed in group 1 (n=82) the level of G-CSF and estradiol (E2) in serum and follicular fluid (FF) on day of follicular puncture (FP). Furthermore, in response to ovarian stimulation, G-CSF levels in serum were compared between low (n=11), moderate (n=53) and high (n=18) response patients. In group 2 (n=23) serum for G-CSF assessment was collected throughout menstrual cycle until gestation. Group 3 (n=11) patients with endometriosis were assessed for G-CSF in serum and FF on day of FP without further differentiation. RESULTS: G-CSF in FF was higher than in serum (P<0.01). G-CSF in serum increased from low through moderate to high response (P<0.001); pregnancy rates were 0, 24.5 and 33.5% respectively. G-CSF in serum increased throughout stimulation, reached a peak with ovulation induction (P=0.01) and decreased until embryo transfer (P=0.001). G-CSF level only in pregnant patients (n=11) increased from embryo transfer to implantation to gestation (P=0.005). In endometriosis patients G-CSF in serum and FF was lower than in non-endometriosis patients (P 
0.03) and corresponded with low response patients. CONCLUSIONS: G-CSF is involved in follicle development and may be a predictor of IVF outcome.
Key words: granulocyte colony-stimulating factor/ICSI/IVF/pregnancy response
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