Hum. Reprod. Advance Access originally published online on June 22, 2006
Human Reproduction 2006 21(11):2868-2875; doi:10.1093/humrep/del250
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Quantitative effects of male age on sperm motion
1 Biosciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore 2 School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA and 3 Genetics and Developmental Biology Program, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
4 Present address: Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology, WIL Research Laboratories, Ashland, OH, USA
5 Present address: Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
6 To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA. E-mail: ajwyrobek{at}gmail.com
BACKGROUND: Semen quality is associated with fertility status, but there is little quantitative information on risk factors that affect semen quality, especially in non-clinical populations. Advancing male age has been associated with a decline in semen quality, with the largest effect being on sperm motility. However, there is little quantitative data on the specific components of sperm motion that are affected by male age. METHODS: We performed linear regression analyses of 14 aspects of semen quality measured by computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) in a non-clinical cohort of 90 non-smoking men, aged 22–80 years, who had no history of infertility or reproductive problems. RESULTS: We found age-associated declines in CASA-determined motility (% motile, 0.8% per year; % progressively motile, 0.9% per year; % rapidly motile, 0.4% per year, P 
0.001) and three quantitative aspects of sperm motion [linearity (LIN), 0.2% per year; straight line velocity (VSL), 0.2% per year, and average path velocity (VAP), 0.3% per year, P < 0.05], with no evidence for age thresholds and no significant association with abstinence duration. Age was not significantly associated with amplitude of lateral head (ALH) displacement, beat cross frequency (BCF) and nuclear elongation or size. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative analysis of sperm motion indicates that as men age, they produce fewer motile sperm, which are able to travel less along a linear path, thus covering less forward distance per unit time. These findings may have fertility implications for men who choose to delay fatherhood.
Key words: CASA/human/male age/motility/sperm
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