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Hum. Reprod. Advance Access originally published online on February 3, 2006
Human Reproduction 2006 21(6):1514-1520; doi:10.1093/humrep/dei504
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Paternal sperm concentration and growth and cognitive development in children born with a gestational age more than 32 weeks after assisted reproductive therapy

U.-B. Wennerholm1,8, M. Bonduelle2, A. Sutcliffe3, C. Bergh1, A. Niklasson4, B. Tarlatzis5, C. Mau Kai6, C. Peters3, Å. Victorin Cederqvist4 and A. Loft7

1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institution for the Health of Women and Children, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden, 2 Centrum Medische Genetica, Laarbeeklaan, Brussels, Belgium, 3 Royal Free & University College Medical School, London, UK, 4 Queen Silvia’s Children Hospital, Institution for the Health of Women and Children, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden, 5 Infertility and IVF Center Geniki Kliniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, 6 Department of Growth and Reproduction, and 7 The Fertility Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

8 To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, East, 416 85 Göteborg, Sweden. E-mail: ulla-britt.wennerholm{at}vgregion.se

BACKGROUND: A possible impact of paternal sperm quality on the outcome in children born after assisted reproductive technologies, especially ICSI, has been discussed. The objective of this study was to assess whether sperm concentration has any influence on growth and cognitive development in children born with a gestational age more than 32 weeks after ICSI or IVF. METHODS: Singleton children born after ICSI (n = 492) or IVF (n = 265) from five European countries were examined at age 5 years. The ICSI group was divided into five subgroups according to paternal sperm origin and sperm concentration: (1) epididymal and testicular sperm group, (2) ejaculated sperm <1 x 106/ml, (3) ejaculated sperm 1–4.99 x 106/ml, (4) ejaculated sperm 5–19.99 x 106/ml and (5) ejaculated sperm ≥20 x 106/ml. The IVF group was divided into two subgroups: (1) <20 x 106/ml and (2) ≥20 x 106/ml. Growth parameters at birth and age 5 were evaluated. Cognitive development was assessed with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence—Revised. RESULTS: No significant difference was found for gestational age, birth weight and birth weight standard deviation scores (SDS) between the ICSI and IVF sperm groups. No significant difference in height and weight at age 5 or SDS weight or height or BMIs at age 5 was found. There was no significant difference in total intelligence quotient (IQ)—performance or verbal IQ—between the groups. CONCLUSION: We found no indication that growth and cognitive development in ICSI and IVF children differed depending on paternal sperm concentration.

Key words: ART children/cognition/growth/sperm concentration


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