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Hum. Reprod. Advance Access originally published online on September 28, 2007
Human Reproduction 2007 22(11):3013-3020; doi:10.1093/humrep/dem301
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© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Low birthweight in New York city and upstate New York following the events of September 11th

Brenda Eskenazi1,3, Amy R. Marks1, Ralph Catalano1, Tim Bruckner1 and Paolo G. Toniolo2

1 Center for Children's Environmental Health Research, School of Public Health, University of California, UC Berkeley, 2150 Shattuck Avenue, Suite 600, CA 94720-7380, USA 2 Division of Epidemiology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA

3 Correspondence address. Tel: +510-642-3496; Fax: +510-642-9083; E-mail: eskenazi{at}berkeley.edu

BACKGROUND: We examined pregnancy outcomes in New York City (NYC) and upstate New York after the September 11, 2001 World Trade Center disaster.

METHODS: Using birth certificate data for NY residents (n = 1660,401 births), we estimated risk of low birthweight (LBW: <2500 g) and preterm birth (<37 weeks) one week after September 11th versus three weeks before, and for 10 four-week intervals post-disaster versus these intervals in the two previous years. To corroborate regression results, we used time-series analysis.

RESULTS: One week after September 11th in NYC, we observed an adjusted odds of 1.44 for births <1500 g (P = 0.07) and 1.67 for births 1500–1999 g (P = 0.01), but a decreased odds of 2000–2499 g. We found no immediate change in LBW upstate or preterm in either location. In extended analyses, we found, in both locations, increased odds of <1500-g births around New Year and 33–36 weeks post-disaster and decreased odds of moderate preterm for several weeks post-disaster. Time-series analyses yielded similar findings.

CONCLUSIONS: The events of September 11, 2001 in NYC were associated with immediate increases in births <2000 g, slightly delayed decreased preterm delivery, and delayed increases in LBW among infants exposed periconception or in the first two trimesters. Stress may contribute to observed associations.

Key words: birthweight/disaster/New York/September 11/pregnancy/stress

Submitted on July 27, 2007; resubmitted on August 7, 2007; accepted on August 24, 2007.


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