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Hum. Reprod. Advance Access originally published online on March 17, 2008
Human Reproduction 2008 23(5):1138-1144; doi:10.1093/humrep/den085
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Gene expression profiling of human oocytes following in vivo or in vitro maturation

Gayle M. Jones1,5, David S. Cram1,2, Bi Song1, M. Cristina Magli3, Luca Gianaroli3, Orly Lacham-Kaplan1, Jock K. Findlay4, Graham Jenkin1 and Alan O. Trounson1,2

1 Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories, Monash University, Level 3, STRIP Building 75 Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia 2 Monash IVF, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia 3 SISMER, Reproductive Medicine Unit, Bologna 40138, Italy 4 Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia

5 Correspondence address. Tel: +61 3 9905 0779; Fax: +61 3 9905 0680; E-mail: gayle.jones{at}med.monash.edu.au

BACKGROUND: Immature human oocytes matured in vitro, particularly those from gonadotrophin stimulated ovaries, are developmentally incompetent when compared with oocytes matured in vivo. This developmental incompetence has been explained as poor oocyte cytoplasmic maturation without any determination of the likely molecular basis of this observation.

METHODS: Replicate whole human genome arrays were generated for immature and mature oocytes (matured in vivo and in vitro, prior to exposure to sperm) recovered from women undertaking gonadotrophin treatment for assisted reproduction.

RESULTS: More than 2000 genes were identified as expressed at more than 2-fold higher levels in oocytes matured in vitro than those matured in vivo (P < 0.05, range 4.98 x 10–2 –2.22 x 10–4) and 162 of these are expressed at 10-fold or greater levels (P < 0.05, range 4.98 x 10–2–1.38 x 10–3). Many of these genes are involved in transcription, the cell cycle and its regulation, transport and cellular protein metabolism.

CONCLUSIONS: Global gene expression profiling using microarrays and bioinformatics analysis has provided a molecular basis for differences in the developmental competence of oocytes matured in vitro compared with in vivo. The over-abundance of transcripts identified in immature germinal vesicle stage oocytes recovered from gonadotrophin stimulated cycles and matured in vitro is probably due to dysregulation in either gene transcription or post-transcriptional modification of genes. Either mechanism would result in an incorrect temporal utilization of genes which may culminate in developmental incompetence of any embryos derived from these oocytes.

Key words: oocyte/gene expression/in vitro maturation/microarray

Submitted on August 7, 2007; resubmitted on January 11, 2008; accepted on February 22, 2008.


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