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Hum. Reprod. Advance Access originally published online on June 11, 2009
Human Reproduction 2009 24(9):2264-2275; doi:10.1093/humrep/dep210
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH): what do we still need to know?

A. La Marca1,4, F.J. Broekmans2, A. Volpe1, B.C. Fauser2, N.S. Macklon2,3,{dagger} on behalf of the ESHRE Special Interest Group for Reproductive Endocrinology – AMH Round Table

1 Mother-Infant Department, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Largo del Pozzo, 41100 Modena, Italy 2 Department for Reproductive Medicine and Gynecology, University Medical Center, PO Box 85500, 3508 6A Utrecht, The Netherlands 3 Division of Developmental Origins of Adult Diseases (DOHaD) Level F, Princess Anne Hospital, Coxford Road, Southampton SO16 5YA, UK

4 Correspondence address. E-mail: antlamarca{at}libero.it

In the ovary, Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is produced by the granulosa cells of early developing follicles and inhibits the transition from the primordial to the primary follicular stage. AMH levels can be measured in serum and have been shown to be proportional to the number of small antral follicles. In women serum AMH levels decrease with age and are undetectable in the post-menopausal period. In patients with premature ovarian failure AMH is undetectable or greatly reduced depending of the number of antral follicles in the ovaries. In contrast, AMH levels have been shown to be increased in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). AMH levels appear to represent the quantity of the ovarian follicle pool and may become a useful marker of ovarian reserve. AMH measurement could also be useful in the prediction of the extremes of ovarian response to gonadotrophin stimulation for in vitro fertilization, namely poor- and hyper-response. Although AMH has the potential to increase our understanding of ovarian pathophysiology, and to guide clinical management in a broad range of conditions, a number of important questions relating to both the basic physiology of AMH and its clinical implications need to be answered.

Key words: AMH/PCOS/ovarian reserve/infertility/ART

{dagger} F.J. Broekmans, R. Fanchin, B.C. Fauser, A. Gougeon, N. Josso, A. La Marca, C.B. Lambalk, N.S. Macklon, S. Muttukrishna, J. Tapanainen, J.A. Visser, A. Volpe.

Submitted on January 8, 2009; resubmitted on May 2, 2009; accepted on May 14, 2009.


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