Human Reproduction, Vol. 9, No. 12, pp. 2356-2361, 1994
© 1994 European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology
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Fertilization and early embryology: A cytosolic sperm factor triggers calcium oscillations and membrane hyperpolarizations in human oocytes
1The Portland Hospital Fertility Unit and St Bartholomew's Hospital IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St Bartholomew's Hospital West Smithfield, London ECIA 7BE, UK 2Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London Gower Street, London WCIE 6BT, UK
Correspondence: 3To whom correspondence should be addressed at: The Portland Hospital Fertility Unit, BMI Portland Hospital for Women and Children, 205–209 Great Portland Street, London WIN 6AH, UK
Intracellular free Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]1) and membrane potentials were measured in mature human oocytes. Injection of cytosolic extracts made from human or hamster spermatozoa triggered oscillations in [Ca2+]1 in human oocytes similar to those described previously in mouse and hamster oocytes. In contrast, injection of carrier buffer caused no [Ca2+]1 increase and injection of Ca2+-containing solutions caused only a single [Ca2+]1 transient. Injection of human sperm extracts also triggered [Ca2+]1 oscillations in mature mouse oocytes. The [Ca2+]1 oscillations in human oocytes were accompained by hyperpolarizations in membrane potential. Perfusing oocytes with the sulphydry1 reagent thimerosal also caused oscillations in the free [Ca2+]1 concentration simultaneously with membrane potential hyperpolarizations. These data suggest that human oocytes possess a similar mechanism for generating [Ca2+]1 oscillations to those described in other mammalian oocytes and a membrane potential response similar to that seen previously specifically in hamster oocytes. The data also support the view that human oocytes are activated at fertilization by diffusion of a protein from the spermatozoa into the ooplasm after gamete membrane fusion.
Key words: calcium/fertilization/membrane potential/oocyte/spermatozoa
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