Hum. Reprod. Advance Access published online on March 28, 2007
Human Reproduction, doi:10.1093/humrep/dem068
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Semen quality of fertile US males in relation to their mothers' beef consumption during pregnancy
1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14624, USA 2 ITEH, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA 3 University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, GR-5064, Blegdemsvej 9-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
4 Correspondence address. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14624, USA. E-mail: Shanna_swan{at}urmc.rochester.edu
BACKGROUND: To look at possible long-term risks from anabolic steroids and other xenobiotics in beef, we examined mens' semen quality in relation to their mother's self-reported beef consumption during pregnancy.
METHODS: The study was carried out in five US cities between 1999 and 2005. We used regression analyses to examine semen parameters in 387 partners of pregnant women in relation to the amount of beef their mothers reported eating while pregnant. Mothers' beef consumption was also analysed in relation to the son's history of previous subfertility.
RESULTS: Sperm concentration was inversely related to mothers' beef meals per week (P = 0.041). In sons of ‘high beef consumers’ (>7 beef meals/week), sperm concentration was 24.3% lower (P = 0.014) and the proportion of men with sperm concentration below 20 x 106/ml was three times higher (17.7 versus 5.7%, P = 0.002) than in men whose mothers ate less beef. A history of previous subfertility was also more frequent among sons of ‘high beef consumers’ (P = 0.015). Sperm concentration was not significantly related to mother's consumption of other meat or to the man's consumption of any meat.
CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that maternal beef consumption, and possibly xenobiotics in beef, may alter a man's testicular development in utero and adversely affect his reproductive capacity.
Key words: beef/fertility/meat/semen quality/sperm
Submitted on December 22, 2006; resubmitted on February 20, 2007; accepted on February 22, 2007.
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