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Hum. Reprod. Advance Access published online on August 9, 2008
Human Reproduction, doi:10.1093/humrep/den309
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Pubertal development in children and adolescents born after IVF and spontaneous conception

Manon Ceelen1, Mirjam M. van Weissenbruch1,4, Jan P.W. Vermeiden2, Flora E. van Leeuwen3 and Henriette A. Delemarre-van de Waal1

1 Department of Paediatrics, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience. VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 3 Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands

4 Correspondence address. E-mail: m.vanweissenbruch{at}vumc.nl

BACKGROUND: Previous studies demonstrated a link between adverse conditions during prenatal life and the development of diseases in adult life. It is still unclear whether IVF conception could permanently affect early prenatal development in humans, with post-natal health consequences. The objective of the present study is to examine pubertal development in 8–18-year-old IVF singletons and controls born from subfertile parents who attended one Dutch fertility clinic were included.

METHODS: IVF singletons and controls born from subfertile parents who attended one clinic in the Dutch OMEGA study were included. Pubertal stage by Tanner’s classification, age at menarche and menstrual cycle characteristics were studied in the total population (n = 233: 115 IVF-conceived boys and 118 IVF-conceived girls, each with age-matched comparison groups). Bone age and sex hormone levels were examined in two distinct pubertal subpopulations.

RESULTS: Pubertal stage and age at menarche were not significantly different between IVF and control children. In the pubertal subpopulation, a higher bone age–chronological age (BA–CA) ratio and a larger BA–CA difference were observed in IVF-conceived girls compared with controls (1.04 ± 0.07 versus 1.02 ± 0.08, P = 0.022; 0.54 ± 0.82 versus 0.18 ± 1.00 year, P = 0.021, respectively). Furthermore, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) and LH levels were significantly higher in IVF-conceived girls than in control subjects (2.5 versus 1.9 µmol/l, P = 0.017, and 1.5 versus 0.6 U/l, P = 0.031, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS: Bone age appeared to be advanced in pubertal IVF-conceived girls, but not in boys, compared with controls. Increased DHEAS and LH concentrations were found among IVF girls.

Key words: IVF children/follow-up/pubertal development/bone age

Submitted on April 24, 2008; resubmitted on July 12, 2008; accepted on July 16, 2008.


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