Human Reproduction, Vol 12, 1577-1581, Copyright © 1997 by Oxford University Press
EA te Velde, N Exalto, P Hesseling and HC van der Linden
Normal chorionic villous vascularization is essential for the undisturbed
development of pregnancy. Defective vasculogenesis may play a role in
pathological pregnancy. To assess pathological chorionic villous
vascularization, normal vascularization has to be defined first. Few data
are available on this topic. The aim of this study was therefore to
investigate normal chorionic villous vascularization in ultrasound-dated
first trimester pregnancies from week 5 menstrual age to week 12 (n = 41),
using quantitative CD34 immunohistochemistry. Two important processes in
chorionic villous vascularization were quantitatively illustrated: (i)
maturation, reflected by an increase of the total number of luminized
vessels as opposed to non-luminized haemangioblastic cords and (ii)
margination, due to a decrease of villous stromal area and an increase of
total villous vascular area. The percentage of villous stromal area
occupied by vascular elements (area difference %) increased from 0.7% in
week 5-2.5% in week 10. Therefore, the area of the villous stroma occupied
by vascular elements increases and the vessels are situated closer to the
trophoblastic layer suitable for fetal-maternal exchange. There was also a
trend in increased number of peripheral vessels (2.0 in week 5 to 4.6 in
week 10), supporting both developmental mechanisms. In conclusion, in
exactly dated normal human first trimester pregnancies, development of the
chorionic villous vascular system seems to be mostly characterized by
maturation of luminized vessels from primitive haemangioblastic cords, and
margination to a situation of peripherally located vessels.
ARTICLES
First trimester development of human chorionic villous vascularization studied with CD34 immunohistochemistry
Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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