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Human Reproduction, Vol. 14, No. 12, 2932-2937, December 1999
© 1999 European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology

Opinions

Problems of multiple births after ART: medical, psychological, social and financial aspects

T. Scholz1, S. Bartholomäus2, I. Grimmer1, H. Kentenich3 and M. Obladen2,4

1 Department of Social Paediatrics, 2 Department of Neonatology, and 3 Department of Gynaecology, Charité Virchow-Hospital, Humboldt-University, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany

In recent years, a growing number of infants born to migrant mothers following the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have been admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit, usually due to problems resulting from multiple birth and prematurity. Higher order multiple births have become more frequent due to increased use of ovulation-inducing drugs and reproductive techniques. Whereas in 1993 an estimated total of 30 000 babies were born worldwide after assisted conception (Lancaster, 1996Go), the most recent report on ART indicates that for the year 1995, 16 520 babies were born by means of ART in the USA and in Canada alone (SART/ASRM, 1998).

Spontaneous rates were 1.05–1.35% for twins and 0.01–0.017% for triplets (Guttmacher, 1953Go), but the actual rate of multiples was 3.0%. Of 796 013 liveborn infants registered in Germany in 1996, 22 126 were twins, 1004 were triplets and 64 were quadruplets (Statistisches Bundesamt . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Prevalence

Case reports

Case A
Case B
Case C
Case D
Who seeks assisted reproduction?

Medical aspects

Social aspects

Psychological aspects

Financial aspects

Cultural aspects of migrant mothers

Conclusions

Appendix

Notes

References


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