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Human Reproduction, Vol. 14, No. 2, 321-328, February 1999
© 1999 European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology

Morbidity and cost-effectiveness analysis of outpatient analgesia versus general anaesthesia for testicular sperm extraction in men with azoospermia due to defects in spermatogenesis

U.I.O. Ezeh1, S. Shepherd1, H.D.M. Moore1,2 and I.D. Cooke1,3

1 University Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jessop Hospital For Women, Leavygreave Road, Sheffield S3 7RE and 2 Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK

The outcome and costs of testicular sperm extraction under outpatient local analgesia or general anaesthesia were compared in men with non-obstructive azoospermia. Nineteen consecutive patients were allocated to receive general anaesthesia, while the subsequent 21 consecutive patients received outpatient analgesia in the form of i.v. midazolam sedation, lignocaine spray, scrotal infiltration with local anaesthetic and spermatic cord block. Blood pressure, pulse rate and respiratory rate were determined. Sedation and testicular pain were assessed by subjective scoring. Both groups showed haemodynamic stability with little alteration in blood pressure, pulse rate and oxygen saturation. Toxic symptoms of local anaesthetic were not encountered in the outpatient group. No relationship was found between testicular size and the duration of the operation. The median postoperative pain intensity, sedation scores and analgesic requirements were significantly less in the outpatient group (P < 0.05). These advantages led to a shorter recovery time (P < 0.0001), 3-fold cheaper care and greater patient satisfaction (P < 0.0001) in the outpatient group.

Key words: analgesia/azoospermia/gonadal failure/outpatient/testicular biopsy

3 To whom correspondence should be addressed


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