Human Reproduction, Vol. 14, No. 9, 2386-2391,
September 1999
© 1999 European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology
Pre-implantation endometrial leukocytes in women with recurrent miscarriage
1 Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, 2 Department of Immunology and 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the leukocyte populations in the endometrium of women suffering recurrent miscarriage. Mid-luteal phase endometrial biopsies were taken from 22 patients with idiopathic recurrent miscarriage and from nine women with normal obstetric histories. The samples were dated histologically and stained with a panel of monoclonal antibodies to identify leukocytes. The outcome of any pregnancy in subsequent cycles following the biopsy was determined. Similar numbers of cluster designation (CD)3+ and CD8+ cells were seen in both groups. However, CD4+, CD14+, CD16+, CD56+ and MHC class II+ cells were significantly higher in the recurrent miscarriage group than in the controls. Two patients had B cells (CD22+) in their endometrium. No CD57+ cells were seen in the controls; however, eight of the patients had a few CD57+ cells present. Only two patients, both from the recurrent miscarriage group, had CD69+ leukocytes in their endometrium. Patients who had miscarriages following endometrial biopsy had significantly more CD4+, CD8+, CD14+, CD16+, and CD56+ leukocytes in their endometrium than either those who had live births or women with proven fertility. A different population of leukocytes was found in the pre-implantation endometrium from recurrent miscarriage patients as compared to those from fertile controls. These differences were accentuated in women who had a miscarriage subsequent to the biopsy compared with those who subsequently had a live birth.
Key words: endometrial leukocytes/immunohistochemistry/recurrent miscarriage
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