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Human Reproduction, Vol. 15, No. 2, 237-238, February 2000
© 2000 European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology

Opinion

Reclassification of azoospermia: the time has come?

Khaldoun Sharif

Assisted Conception Services, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK

Azoospermia (the absence of spermatozoa from the ejaculate) is not uncommon, and is present in ~5% of all investigated infertile couples (Irvine, 1998Go), and in 10–20% of infertile men with abnormal seminal fluid analysis (Stanwell-Smith and Hendry, 1984Go). Over the past few years there has been much renewed interest in the condition because of increased understanding of its genetic basis and aetiology (Mak and Jarvi, 1996Go) as well as the availability of surgical sperm retrieval methods and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for the . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Pre-testicular azoospermia

Testicular azoospermia

Post-testicular azoospermia

Notes

References


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