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Human Reproduction, Vol. 15, No. 2, 389-394, February 2000
© 2000 European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology

Cryopreservation reduces the ability of hamster 2-cell embryos to regulate intracellular pH

Michelle Lane1, Elizabeth A. Lyons and Barry D. Bavister

Department of Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, 1655 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA

Vitrification of hamster 2-cell embryos impairs the activity of both the Na+/H+ antiporter and HCO3–/Cl– exchanger; the two transport proteins responsible for the regulation of intracellular pH (pHi). The activities of both the Na+/H+ antiporter and HCO3–/Cl– exchanger were significantly reduced at 4 h following warming compared to freshly collected embryos. Normal levels of activity of both transporters were not restored until 6 h after warming. Thus, cryopreservation of cleavage stage hamster embryos has a detrimental effect on their ability to maintain intracellular ionic homeostasis. Impairment of these pHi regulatory proteins resulted in the pHi of embryos being significantly elevated from the control values of 1.2 to 7.35 for approximately 4 h after warming. In addition, an elevated pHi value significantly impaired oxidative metabolism. Therefore, the loss in developmental competence of embryos following cryopreservation may in part be explained by a reduced ability to regulate intracellular pH that results in perturbations in metabolism and disruption of energy production.

Key words: cryopreservation/HCO3–/Cl– transporter/metabolism/Na+/H+ antiporter/vitrification

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, 799 East Hampden Avenue, Suite 300, Englewood, CO, 80110, USA


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