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Human Reproduction, Vol. 17, No. 10, 2742-2747, October 2002
© 2002 European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology

Glycodelin levels in uterine flushings and in plasma of patients with leiomyomas and polyps: implications for implantation

Spencer S. Richlin, Sumathi Ramachandran, Aida Shanti, Ana A. Murphy and Sampath Parthasarathy1

Emory University School of Medicine, WMB, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

BACKROUND: Glycodelin, a glycoprotein, is present in both blood plasma and uterine flushings. It has been implicated in the process of implantation and angiogenesis. During the secretory phase, progesterone secretion is related to glycodelin production. METHODS AND RESULTS: We obtained uterine flushings, prospectively, from 47 infertile patients during the proliferative phase. Patients were recruited from our university practice. Transvaginal ultrasound and sonohysterography permitted the stratification of patients into control, leiomyoma or polyp groups. Total plasma and uterine flushing glycodelin was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Blood was also analysed for progesterone. Uterine flushing glycodelin levels were significantly increased in patients with polyps when compared with controls. An increase in uterine flushing glycodelin levels was noted in patients with leiomyomas compared with controls, though not statistically significant. Plasma glycodelin levels were significantly increased in patients with leiomyomas and polyps when separately compared with controls. There was a significant relationship between plasma glycodelin production and progesterone levels in patients with polyps. CONCLUSIONS: Leiomyomas and polyps are growing tumours and thus produce significant plasma glycodelin levels. Uterine glycodelin flushings are elevated in patients with both polyps and leiomyomas. Elevated glycodelin levels in the follicular and peri-ovulatory period may impair fertilization and implantation.

Key words: endometrium/glycodelin/menstrual cycle/polyps/progesterone

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Emory University School of Medicine, 1639 Pierce Drive, Room 4301, WMB, Atlanta, Georgia 30322. E-mail: spencerrichlin{at}hotmail.com


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