Human Reproduction, Vol. 18, No. 6, 1273-1280,
June 2003
© 2003 European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology
Pregnancy by the tubal transfer of embryos developed after injection of round spermatids into oocyte cytoplasm of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)
1 Tsukuba Primate Center for Medical Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Hachimandai-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305–0843, 2 Bioresource Engineering Division, Bioresource Center, RIKEN Tsukuba Institute, Ibaraki, 3 Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 4 National Institute for Minamata Disease, Kumamoto and 5 Tokyo University of Agriculture, Hokkaido, Japan
6 To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: sankai{at}nih.go.jp
BACKGROUND: Round spermatids have been used as substitute gametes in basic reproductive research and in infertility clinics. In humans, however, the efficiency of fertilization and pregnancy is generally much lower after round spermatid injection (ROSI) than after injection with mature sperm. We examined the ability of round spermatids to support embryonic development using a non-human primate as a model. We chose cynomolgus monkeys because, as in humans, their round spermatids have the oocyte-activating capacity of mature sperm. METHODS: We examined fertilization and subsequent development of embryos after ROSI and then transferred the embryos into the oviducts of female monkeys. RESULTS: Seventy-seven per cent of survived oocytes were activated and had formed pronuclei or the second polar body; 79% of the oocytes cultured developed to the 2-cell stage, and 23% developed to the blastocyst stage. Ultrasonography showed a normal-sized fetus in the uterus of a recipient, but the fetus spontaneously aborted at day 103. CONCLUSIONS: The round spermatids of cynomolgus monkeys can be used as substitute gametes to support embryonic development at least to mid-gestation. This non-human primate is a suitable animal model for round spermatid conception in mammals, especially humans, and for biological and genetic characterization of events following ROSI.
Key words: cynomolgus monkey/embryo transfer/oocyte activation/ROSI/round spermatid
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