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Human Reproduction, Vol. 18, No. 9, 1903-1907, September 2003
© 2003 European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology

Metaphase II nuclei generated by germinal vesicle transfer in mouse oocytes support embryonic development to term

Hui Liu, Hung Chi Chang, John Zhang, Jamie Grifo and Lewis C. Krey1

Program for In vitro Fertilization, Reproductive Surgery and Infertility, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed at: 660 First Avenue, Fifth Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA. e-mail: kreyivf{at}yahoo.com

BACKGROUND: Cytoplasmic defects are thought to cause aneuploidies in oocytes and embryos and oocyte ‘reconstruction’ by germinal vesicle (GV) transfer may circumvent such defects. In mice ‘reconstructed’ oocytes undergo meiosis and fertilize normally, but early embryonic development is compromised if their ooplasm matured in vitro. This study employs sequential MII spindle and/or pronucleus (PN) transfer to assess the embryonic potential of MII nuclei that form following GV transfer. METHODS AND RESULTS: Mouse embryos generated by these procedures were transferred to the oviducts of pseudopregnant mice to monitor pregnancy outcome. Following GV transfer, the resultant metaphase II (MII) nuclei were activated either in situ or transferred and activated in ooplasts from in-vivo matured oocytes. When exchanged with the female PN of a fertilized zygote, only the PNs that developed in in-vivo matured ooplasts generated live offspring. Viable offspring also resulted when MII nuclei were transferred to in-vivo matured ooplasts and fertilized by insemination with sperm or by artificial activation and male PN transfer. Significantly, the offspring displayed normal fertility as adults. CONCLUSION: This report of live births following GV transfer in mice illustrates the importance of the maturational history of the ooplasm at PN formation for normal embryonic and fetal development.

Key words: germinal vesicle/in-vitro maturation/metaphase II nucleus/nuclear transfer/ooplasm


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