Hum. Reprod. Advance Access originally published online on July 8, 2004
Human Reproduction 2004 19(10):2180-2187; doi:10.1093/humrep/deh408
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Inhibiting MMP activity prevents the development of endometriosis in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane model
Research Institute Growth and Development (GROW), Departments of 1Obstetrics and Gynaecology and and 2 Pathology, University Maastricht and University Hospital Maastricht, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
3 To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: patrick.groothuis{at}path.unimaas.nl
BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are essential for extracellular matrix remodelling and may contribute to the development of endometriosis. Transplantation of endometrium onto the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) results in endometriosis-like lesion formation, a process that requires extensive tissue remodelling. We investigated the expression of a wide range of MMPs in menstrual endometrium, endometriosis-like lesions in CAMs, in peritoneal endometriosis and in endometriosis in the rectovaginal space, as well as the function of MMPs in early lesion formation in the CAM model. METHODS: Expression of MMPs was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and MMP function was studied in the CAM by inhibiting MMP activity during lesion formation. RESULTS: Nearly all MMPs were present in all tissues studied. No significant differences in the expression of a majority of MMPs were found in endometriosis-like lesions in CAMs when compared with human endometriosis. Inhibition of MMP-1, -2, -3, -7 and -13 activities significantly impaired endometriosis-like lesion formation in CAMs. CONCLUSIONS: The MMP expression profiles of experimentally induced endometriosis in CAMs and human endometriosis are similar. The prevention of endometriosis-like lesion formation in the CAM by inhibiting MMP activity strongly suggests that MMPs have a function in the early development of endometriotic lesions.
Key words: chorioallantoic membrane model/endometriosis/endometrium/invasion/matrix metalloproteinase
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