Hum. Reprod. Advance Access originally published online on September 9, 2004
Human Reproduction 2004 19(12):2791-2797; doi:10.1093/humrep/deh511
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Psychological follow-up study of 5-year-old ICSI children
1 Department of Developmental- and Lifespanpsychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, 5 Centre for Medical Genetics, Dutch-speaking University Hospital of Brussels, Laarbeeklaan, 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium, 2 Department of Psychology, Göteborg University, 7 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute for the Health of Women and Children Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden, 3 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-5253 and Weill-Medical College, NY, 6 Center for Reproductive Medicine and Infertility, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, NY, USA and 4 Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University of Bergen, Norway
8 To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: ikristof{at}vub.ac.be
BACKGROUND: The developmental outcomes of children born after ICSI are still a matter of concern. The purpose of the present study was to investigate psychological outcomes for 5-year-old children born after ICSI and compare these with outcomes for children born after spontaneous conception (SC). METHODS: Three hundred singleton children born after ICSI in Belgium, Sweden and the USA were matched by maternal age, child age and gender. Outcome measures included the Wechsler Preschool and Primary scales of intelligence (WPPSI-R), Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, Parenting Stress Index and Child Behaviour Checklist. RESULTS: Regarding cognitive development, no significant differences were found on WPPSI-R verbal and performance scales between ICSI and SC children. However, some differences were noted on subtests of the Performance Scale. ICSI children more often obtained a score below 1 SD of the mean on the subtests: Object Assembly, Block Design and Mazes (all P<0.05). Significant differences by site (i.e. Belgium, Sweden and New York) were found on subtests related to parenting stress, child behaviour problems and motor development (all P<0.05). These findings can probably be explained by variables other than conception mode, such as cultural differences and selection bias. CONCLUSIONS: Although the finding that a higher proportion of ICSI children obtained scores below the cut-off on some of the visual–spatial subscales of the WPPSI-R warrants further investigation, ICSI does not appear to affect the psychological well-being or cognitive development at age 5.
Key words: cognitive development/emotional–behavioural development/ICSI/motor development/parental stress
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