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Hum. Reprod. Advance Access originally published online on November 9, 2006
Human Reproduction 2007 22(2):414-420; doi:10.1093/humrep/del400
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Obesity and time to pregnancy

D.C. Gesink Law1,2,4, R.F. Maclehose3 and M.P. Longnecker1

1 Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 2 Department of Microbiology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT and 3 Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA

4 To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Microbiology, Montana State University, PO Box 173520, Bozeman, MT 59717-3520, USA. E-mail: dionne.gesinklaw{at}montana.edu

BACKGROUND: Obesity may reduce fecundity. We examined the obesity–fecundity association in relation to menstrual cycle regularity, parity, smoking habits and age to gain insight into mechanisms and susceptible subgroups. METHODS: Data were provided by 7327 pregnant women enrolled in the Collaborative Perinatal Project at 12 study centres in the United States from 1959 to 1965. Prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) was analysed continuously and categorically [underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), optimal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2) and obese (≥30.0 kg/m2)]. Adjusted fecundability odds ratios (FORs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards modelling for discrete time data. RESULTS: Fecundity was reduced for overweight [OR = 0.92, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.84, 1.01] and obese (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.72, 0.95) women compared with optimal weight women and was more evident for obese primiparous women (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.49, 0.89). Fecundity remained reduced for overweight and obese women with normal menstrual cycles. Neither smoking habits nor age modified the association. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity was associated with reduced fecundity for all subgroups of women and persisted for women with regular cycles. Our results suggest that weight loss could increase fecundity for overweight and obese women, regardless of menstrual cycle regularity, parity, smoking habits and age.

Key words: fecundity/fertility/obesity/reproduction


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