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Hum. Reprod. Advance Access published online on April 7, 2004
Human Reproduction, doi:10.1093/humrep/deh142
© 2004 by European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology
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Received November 4, 2003
Accepted December 8, 2003

OPINION

The subsidiarity principle in the context of embryonic stem cell research

Guido Pennings 1* and André Van Steirteghem 2

1 Centre for Environmental Philosophy and Bioethics, Ghent University, Blandijnberg 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
2 Centre for Reproductive Medicine and Research Centre Reproduction and Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Guido.Pennings{at}Ugent.be.


  Abstract

Embryonic stem cell research is regulated by different forms of the subsidiarity principle, i.e. research on embryos should only be conducted if no suitable alternatives exist. Four types are discussed: animal versus human material, adult versus embryonic stem cells, affected or at risk embryos versus healthy embryos, and supernumerary versus research embryos. Three major arguments regarding the subsidiarity principle are discussed: the necessity argument, the least offensive moral approach and the ‘nothing is lost’ argument. It is proposed that the burden of proof should be shifted onto those who oppose embryonic research. When the freedom of research and the moral obligation to relieve human suffering is taken seriously, the opponents of this research should first demonstrate that embryonic stem cells do not work or that adult stem cells work better.

Key words: Key words: embryo/ethics/research/stem cells/subsidiarity


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