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Hum. Reprod. Advance Access published online on April 7, 2004
Human Reproduction, doi:10.1093/humrep/deh218
© 2004 by European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology
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Received July 23, 2003
Revised December 15, 2003
Accepted February 19, 2004

Article

Mechanisms regulating the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase during decidualization of human endometrium

Yoshiki Kudo 1*, Tetsuaki Hara 1, Takafumi Katsuki 1, Aya Toyofuku 1, Yuki Katsura 1, Osamu Takikawa 2, Tsuneo Fujii 3, and Koso Ohama 1

1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
2 Department of Pharmacology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Kure Medical Center, Hiroshima, Japan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: yoshkudo{at}hiroshima-u.ac.jp.


  Abstract

BACKGROUND: Expression of the tryptophan catabolizing enzyme, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, in the mouse placenta has been shown to be critical in preventing immunological rejection of the fetal allograft. To clarify the physiological importance of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in human pregnancy, we have studied how the expression of this enzyme changes during decidualization of human endometrium at both the cell and tissue level. METHODS and RESULTS: The level of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase mRNA expression (determined by RT-PCR) was higher in decidual than in endometrial tissue. Uterine decidual tissue in ectopic pregnancy similarly showed increased mRNA expression. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase protein immunoreactivity was found in glandular epithelium and in stromal cells. The intensity of this immunoreactivity was increased in decidualized tissue. In a cell culture model, the level of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase mRNA was suppressed specifically by progesterone-induced decidualization of isolated endometrial stromal cells. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase protein abundance (determined by Western blot) was also decreased by progesterone-induced decidualization. However interferon-{gamma}, a potent stimulator of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase gene expression, increased the level of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase mRNA and protein in both non-decidualized and in decidualized cells. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity (determined by measuring the concentration of tryptophan and its indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase catabolite, kynurenine) was also decreased by progesterone-induced decidualization but enhanced following interferon-{gamma} treatment. Expression of other interferon-{gamma} inducible genes (STAT1 and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase) showed the same pattern as that of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in tissue samples, but was not changed by decidualization in the cell culture model. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that despite suppression by progesterone, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression in endometrial stromal cells may increase during decidualization due to stimulation by interferon-{gamma} secreted by infiltrating leukocytes.

Key words: Key words: decidualization/endometrium/indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase/interferon-{gamma}


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