Hum. Reprod. Advance Access published online on May 20, 2004
Human Reproduction, doi:10.1093/humrep/deh274
© 2004 by European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology
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1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8091, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: litseng{at}notes.cc.sunysb.edu.
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of progestin, relaxin (RLX) and transforming growth factor Key words:
endometrial decidual and stromal cells/relaxin/relaxin receptor/TGF
Accepted March 24, 2004
Article
Disparate effects of relaxin and TGF
1: relaxin increases, but TGF1 inhibits, the relaxin receptor and the production of IGFBP-1 in human endometrial stromal/decidual cells
Abstract 
1 (TGF1) on the content of relaxin receptor (LGR7) mRNA. The effect of RLX on insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) production was determined to evaluate the biological function of RLX/receptor in human endometrial cells. METHODS AND RESULTS: The levels of LGR7 mRNA and the effect of hormones were determined by real-time PCR in endometrial cells. LGR7 mRNA was found to be relatively abundant in endometrial glands and decidual cells and much less in endometrial stromal cells. In stromal cells, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), or MPA plus RLX, significantly increased the LGR7 mRNA and RLX alone had little effect. In decidual cells, RLX increased LGR7 mRNA in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. TGF1 reduced the LGR7 mRNA. In stromal cells, MPA alone caused a slight increase (2-4-fold) of the production rate of IGFBP-1 whereas MPA plus RLX synergistically increased (>40-fold) the IGFBP-1 production. In decidual cells in which the basal production rate was already 
50-fold higher than in stromal cells, RLX alone caused an additional increase (>30-fold) on the production rate. TGF1 inhibited the IGFBP-1 production. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that in undifferentiated endometrial stromal cells, progestin increases the RLX receptor content to enhance the effect of RLX on the target gene (IGFBP-1). In decidual cells, RLX alone up-regulates its receptor, resulting in a large scale induction of IGFBP-1. TGF1 has an inhibitory effect on LGR7 and IGFBP-1./IGFBP-1
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