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Hum. Reprod. Advance Access published online on July 14, 2004
Human Reproduction, doi:10.1093/humrep/deh395
© 2004 by European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology
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Received July 25, 2003
Accepted November 20, 2003

Article

Selected food intake and risk of endometriosis

F. Parazzini 1*, F. Chiaffarino 2, M. Surace 2, L. Chatenoud 2, S. Cipriani 2, V. Chiantera 2, G. Benzi 3, L. Fedele 4

1 Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri’, 20157 Milano, Italy, Clinica Ostetrico Ginecologica, Università di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
2 Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche ‘Mario Negri’, 20157 Milano, Italy
3 Studi di via Fontana, 20122 Milano, Italy
4 Clinica Ostetrico Ginecologica, Università di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: parazzini{at}marionegri.it.


  Abstract

BACKGROUND: To offer data on the relationship between diet and risk of pelvic endometriosis, we analysed data collected in the framework of two case-control studies. METHODS: Data from two case-control studies conducted in Northern Italy between 1984 and 1999 were combined. Cases were 504 women aged <65 years (median age 33 years, range 20-65) with a laparoscopically confirmed diagnosis of endometriosis, admitted to a network of obstetrics and gynaecology departments in Milan, Brescia and Pavia. Controls were 504 women (median age 34 years, range 20-61) admitted for acute non-gynaecological, non-hormonal, non-neoplastic conditions. RESULTS: Compared to women in the lowest tertile of intake, a significant reduction in risk emerged for higher intake of green vegetables [odds ratio (OR)=0.3 for the highest tertile of intake] and fresh fruit (OR=0.6), whereas an increase in risk was associated with high intake of beef and other red meat (OR=2.0) and ham (OR=1.8). Consumption of milk, liver, carrots, cheese, fish and whole-grain foods, as well as coffee and alcohol consumption, were not significantly related to endometriosis. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests a link between diet and risk of endometriosis.

Keywords: case-control study; diet; endometriosis; risk factors.
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