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Hum. Reprod. Advance Access published online on July 8, 2004
Human Reproduction, doi:10.1093/humrep/deh407
© 2004 by European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology
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Received March 28, 2003
Revised March 5, 2004
Accepted June 16, 2004

Article

Uterine leiomyoma and menstrual cycle characteristics in a population-based cohort study

J.L. Marino 1, B. Eskenazi 2*, M. Warner 2, S. Samuels 2, P. Vercellini 3, N. Gavoni 3, D. Olive 4

1 School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
2 School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Milan School of Medicine, Milan, Italy
4 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: eskenazi{at}calmail.berkeley.edu.


  Abstract

BACKGROUND: We examined the association of uterine leiomyoma with menstrual cycle characteristics in a population of non-care-seeking women. METHODS: This cross-sectional study uses data from the Seveso Women's Health Study (SWHS), a population-based cohort in Italy. Participants included 341 premenopausal women, 30-60 years old, who had an intact uterus and were not pregnant, lactating, or using oral contraception or intra-uterine devices. We examined the presence of any ultrasound-detected uterine leiomyoma in relation to self-reported menstrual cycle length, flow length and heaviness of flow. The association of leiomyoma number, volume, tissue layer location and axial position with menstrual cycle characteristics was also examined. RESULTS: Uterine leiomyomata were detected in 73 women (21.4%). After adjustment for covariates, the presence of a leiomyoma was not significantly related to menstrual cycle length, flow length or heaviness of flow [odds ratio (OR) for scanty flow =1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.8-4.3; OR for heavy flow =1.3, 95% CI 0.7-2.5; relative to moderate flow]. Number, volume, tissue layer location (subserosal or intramural) and axial position (anterior or posterior) of the leiomyoma were also not related to menstrual cycle characteristics. CONCLUSION: In this Italian population of women not seeking gynaecological care, menstrual characteristics are not related to leiomyoma.

Keywords: epidemiology; leiomyoma; menstrual cycle; transvaginal ultrasound.
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