Skip Navigation



Hum. Reprod. Advance Access published online on August 27, 2004
Human Reproduction, doi:10.1093/humrep/deh423
© 2004 by European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology
This Article
Right arrow FREE Full Text (PDF ) Freely available
Right arrow All Versions of this Article:
19/10/2377    most recent
deh423v1
Right arrow Submit a response
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when eLetters are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to My Personal Archive
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Acién, P.
Right arrow Articles by Sánchez-Ferrer, M.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Acién, P.
Right arrow Articles by Sánchez-Ferrer, M.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us  
What's this?

Received March 29, 2004
Accepted June 24, 2004

Article

Complex malformations of the female genital tract. New types and revision of classification

Pedro Acién 1*, Maribel Acién 2, Marisa Sánchez-Ferrer 3

1 Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San Juan University Hospital , Alicante, Spain; Department/Division of Gynecology, School of Medicine, ‘Miguel Hernández’ University, Campus of San Juan, Alicante, Spain
2 Department/Division of Gynecology, School of Medicine, ‘Miguel Hernández’ University, Campus of San Juan, Alicante, Spain
3 Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San Juan University Hospital , Alicante, Spain

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: acien{at}umh.es.


  Abstract

BACKGROUND: Complex malformations of the female genital tract are often incorrectly identified, treated and reported, probably due to not considering the malformation as a cause of the clinical symptoms and neither the embryological origin of the different elements of the genitourinary tract. METHODS: Complex malformations are studied and classified, and new types are presented. The new types of complex malformations presented are: (i) Cases of unilateral vaginal or cervico-vaginal atresia with renal agenesis and uterine duplication, with or without communication between hemiuteri; (ii) the unilateral Rokitansky syndrome; and (iii) the combination in the same patient of unilateral Rokitansky syndrome (Müllerian defect) on one side and blind vagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis syndrome (Wolffian defect) on the other side. RESULTS: A revised version of the clinical and embryological classification of genital malformations is presented and an associated diagram points out the origin of these malformations. CONCLUSIONS: These genital malformative anomalies reaffirm our hypothesis about the embryology of the human vagina as deriving from the Wolffian ducts and the Müllerian tubercle; and they show that gynecologists should be aware of the related symptons and the embryology of the female genital tract in order to achieve a better comprehension of the malformations for their right correction or therapeutic approach.

Keywords: blind vagina; cervico-vaginal atresia; genital malformations; renal agenesis; Rokitansky syndrome.
Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 PediatricsHome page
C. Capito, A. Echaieb, S. Lortat-Jacob, E. Thibaud, S. Sarnacki, and C. Nihoul-Fekete
Pitfalls in the Diagnosis and Management of Obstructive Uterovaginal Duplication: A Series of 32 Cases
Pediatrics, October 1, 2008; 122(4): e891 - e897.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum Reprod UpdateHome page
S. H. Saravelos, K. A. Cocksedge, and T.-C. Li
Prevalence and diagnosis of congenital uterine anomalies in women with reproductive failure: a critical appraisal
Hum. Reprod. Update, September 1, 2008; 14(5): 415 - 429.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
M. Basha, S. Chang, E. M. Smolock, R. S. Moreland, A. J. Wein, and S. Chacko
Regional differences in myosin heavy chain isoform expression and maximal shortening velocity of the rat vaginal wall smooth muscle
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, October 1, 2006; 291(4): R1076 - R1084.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum ReprodHome page
M.L. Sanchez-Ferrer, M.I. Acien, F. S. del Campo, M.J. Mayol-Belda, and P. Acien
Experimental contributions to the study of the embryology of the vagina
Hum. Reprod., June 1, 2006; 21(6): 1623 - 1628.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum ReprodHome page
F. Nawroth, G. Rahimi, C. Nawroth, D. Foth, M. Ludwig, and T. Schmidt
Is there an association between septate uterus and endometriosis?
Hum. Reprod., February 1, 2006; 21(2): 542 - 544.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Disclaimer: Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues. All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, but the Publisher will not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies. If you require any further clarification, please contact our Customer Services Department.