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Hum. Reprod. Advance Access published online on April 28, 2005
Human Reproduction, doi:10.1093/humrep/deh855
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org
Received December 3, 2004
Revised February 10, 2005
Accepted February 22, 2005

Article

Exposure to persistent organochlorine pollutants associates with human sperm Y:X chromosome ratio

Tarmo Tiido 1*, Anna Rignell-Hydbom 2, Bo Jönsson 2, Yvonne Lundberg Giwercman 3, Lars Rylander 2, Lars Hagmar 2, and Aleksander Giwercman 4

1 Fertility Centre, Scanian Andrology Centre, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, SE 205 02 Malmö, Sweden, and Department of Urology, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, SE 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
2 Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University Hospital, SE 21885, Lund, Sweden
3 Department of Urology, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, SE 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
4 Fertility Centre, Scanian Andrology Centre, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, SE 205 02 Malmö, Sweden, and

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Tarmo Tiido, E-mail: Tarmo.Tiido{at}kir.mas.lu.se


  Abstract

BACKGROUND: During the last decades, there has been concern that exposure to endocrine disruptors, such as persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs), may contribute to sex ratio changes in offspring of exposed populations. METHODS: To investigate whether exposure to 2,2'4,4'5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153) and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (p,p'-DDE) affect Y:X chromosome proportion, semen of 149 Swedish fishermen, aged 27-67 years, was investigated. The men provided semen and blood for analysis of hormone, CB-153 and p,p'-DDE levels. The proportion of Y- and X-chromosome bearing sperm in semen samples was determined by two-colour fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. RESULTS: Log transformed CB-153 as well as log transformed p,p'-DDE variables were both significantly positively associated with Y chromosome fractions (P-values=0.05 and <0.001, respectively). Neither age, smoking nor hormone levels showed any association with Y-chromosome fractions. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to indicate that exposure to POPs may increase the proportion of ejaculated Y-bearing spermatozoa. These data add to the growing body of evidence that exposure to POPs may alter the offspring sex ratio.

Keywords: polychlorinated biphenyls; POP; p,p'-DDE; sex ratio; sperm.
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