Hum. Reprod. Advance Access published online on May 5, 2005
Human Reproduction, doi:10.1093/humrep/dei051
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1 The Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Virginia, USA,
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. BACKGROUND: In this prospective randomized blinded clinical trial, we examined gene expression profiles of the human endometrium during the early and mid-luteal phases of the natural cycle. METHODS: An endometrial biopsy was performed on day 16 (LH +3) or on day 21 (LH +8), followed by RNA extraction and microarray analysis using an Affymetrix HG-U95A microchip. Data analysis was carried out using pairwise multiple group comparison with the significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) software. RESULTS: With a false discovery rate of 0, the analysis revealed that 107 genes were significantly and differently expressed (
Received December 9, 2004
Revised March 7, 2005
Accepted April 5, 2005
Article
In search of candidate genes critically expressed in the human endometrium during the window of implantation
2 The Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Virginia, USA, 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey and
3 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Virginia, USA,
4 Department of Pathology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Virginia, USA and
5 Pacific Gynecology Specialists, Seattle, Washington, USA
S. Oehninger, E-mail: oehninsc{at}evms.edu
Abstract 
2-fold) during the early versus the mid-luteal phase of the cycle. Forty-five of these genes have not been previously linked to endometrial receptivity. Validation of the microarray data was accomplished using semiquantitative RT-PCR. We demonstrated the presence of estrogen and progesterone response elements (ERE and PRE) by analysis of the 5'-flanking regions of a subset of differentially regulated genes. CONCLUSIONS: Using a strict bioinformatics approach of microarray data, we demonstrated significant changes in candidate genes during the transition of the early to the mid-luteal phase of the human endometrium that may have functional significance for the opening and maintenance of the window of implantation.
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