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Hum. Reprod. Advance Access published online on June 15, 2005
Human Reproduction, doi:10.1093/humrep/dei123
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved.
Received March 4, 2005
Revised April 25, 2005
Accepted May 9, 2005

Article

Exogenous granulocyte--macrophage colony-stimulating factor promotes follicular development in the newborn rat in vivo

Hongbo Wang 1*, Yan Wen 2, Mary Lake Polan 2, Robert Boostanfar 1, Michael Feinman 1, and Barry Behr 2

1 Huntington Reproductive Center, 1220 La Venta Drive, Westlake Village, CA 91361
2 Department of OB/GYN, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Hongbo Wang, E-mail: whbdf{at}yahoo.com


  Abstract

BACKGROUND: Expression and selective cellular localization of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and its receptor in ovarian tissue imply an autocrine/paracrine role in ovarian function. Evidence indicating a functional role for GM-CSF in ovarian follicular cell function has been provided by studies with GM-CSF knockout (GM-/-) mice, which suggest that GM-CSF influences events associated with murine follicular maturation. METHODS: Immature female rats were treated with GM-CSF, FSH or saline for 5 or 10 days. Ovaries were collected for histologic examination and immunostaining determination of CYP17, a theca cell marker. In addition, ovarian section slides were evaluated by immunofluorescence for CD45, an ovarian leukocyte marker. To investigate the possible mechanism of GM-CSF action on follicular development, theca-interstitial cells (T-I) were separated and cultured. Cells were treated with increasing concentrations of GM-CSF, then evaluated for CYP17 mRNA and protein expression assays. RESULTS: After 10 days of treatment with GM-CSF, the number of small preantral and large preantral follicles was significantly increased compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Similarly, treatment with FSH increased the number of small preantral and large preantral follicles (P < 0.05). CD45 expression measured by immunofluorescence was not different in the three groups, indicating that the distribution of leukocytes was unchanged. In addition, CYP17 was increased in the T-I cells both in vivo and in vitro after GM-CSF treatment. CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that GM-CSF may play a significant role in follicular development.

Keywords: CD45/CYP17/follicular development/GM-CSF/in vivo.
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