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Hum. Reprod. Advance Access published online on August 25, 2005
Human Reproduction, doi:10.1093/humrep/dei261
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved.
Received May 6, 2005
Revised June 17, 2005
Accepted July 18, 2005

Article

Expression of {beta}-subunit of HCG genes during normal and failed pregnancy

Kristiina Rull 1* and Maris Laan 2

1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
2 Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Kristiina Rull, E-mail: Kristiina.Rull{at}kliinikum.ee


  Abstract

BACKGROUND: One of the first proteins synthesized by a conceptus is HCG. The receptor-binding {beta}-subunit of HCG (HCG3) is encoded by highly homologous CGB, CGB5, CGB7 and CGB8 genes. The function of two additional gene copies, CGB1 and CGB2, is still unknown. We aimed to compare the expression of individual CGB genes during normal pregnancy and in cases of recurrent miscarriage (RM) and ectopic pregnancy (EP). METHODS: A semi-quantitative RT-PCR with fluorescent-labelled primers coupled with the gene-specific restriction and quantification was used. RESULTS: The summarized expression of HCG{beta} genes was high throughout the pregnancy, and moderately correlated with HCG in serum. In cases of RM, reduced hormone values were consistent with low mRNA levels, whereas for EP no reduction in transcriptional activity was detected. CGB1and CGB2 showed a considerable expression peak during the first trimester, both in normal and ectopic pregnancy, but not for RM. CONCLUSIONS: In cases of RM, low HCG could result from expression failure of HCG{beta} genes, whereas in EP the problems other than the transcriptional failure contribute to reduced hormone levels. The expression patterns of CGB1 and CGB2 suggest their putative role in the implantation stage.

Keywords: CGB gene expression/ectopic pregnancy/HCG/implantation/recurrent miscarriage.
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