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Hum. Reprod. Advance Access published online on August 26, 2005
Human Reproduction, doi:10.1093/humrep/dei276
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved.
Received May 13, 2005
Revised July 26, 2005
Accepted July 27, 2005

Article

Microarray analysis of differentially expressed genes in vaginal tissues from women with stress urinary incontinence compared with asymptomatic women

Bertha Chen 1*, Yan Wen 1, Zhaomei Zhang 2, Yaqian Guo 3, Janet A.Warrington 2, and Mary Lake Polan 1

1 Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
2 Affymetrix, Inc., Santa Clara, CA 95051, USA
3 Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Bertha Chen, E-mail: bchen{at}stanford.edu


  Abstract

BACKGROUND: The pathophysiology of pelvic floor dysfunction resulting in stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women is complex. Evidence suggests that there is also a genetic predisposition towards SUI. We sought to identify differentially expressed genes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism in vaginal tissues from women with SUI in the secretory phase of menses compared with asymptomatic women. METHODS: Tissue samples were taken from the periurethral vaginal wall of five pairs of premenopausal, age-matched SUI and continent women and subjected to microarray analysis using the GeneChip Human Genome U133 oligonucleotide chip set. RESULTS: Extensive statistical analyses generated a list of 79 differentially expressed genes. Elafin, keratin 16, collagen type XVII and plakophilin 1 were consistently identified as up-regulated ECM genes. Elafin, a serine protease inhibitor involved in the elastin degradation pathway and wound healing, was expressed in pelvic fibroblasts and confirmed by Western blot, quantitative competitive PCR and immunofluorescence cell staining. CONCLUSIONS: Genes involved in elas-tin metabolism were differentially expressed in vaginal tissue from women with SUI, suggesting that elastin remodelling may be important in the molecular aetiology of SUI.

Keywords: elastin metabolism/microarray analysis/stress urinary incontinence.
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