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Hum. Reprod. Advance Access published online on October 6, 2005
Human Reproduction, doi:10.1093/humrep/dei316
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org
Received March 16, 2005
Revised August 24, 2005
Accepted August 26, 2005

Article

Adverse effects of intradermal allogeneic lymphocyte immunotherapy: acute reactions and role of autoimmunity

C. Kling 1*, J. Steinmann 1, E. Westphal 1, J. Magez 1, and D. Kabelitz 1

1 Institute of Immunology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, D-24105 Kiel, Germany

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
C. Kling, E-mail: kling{at}immunologie.uni-kiel.de


  Abstract

BACKGROUND: Immunotherapy with allogeneic lymphocytes was introduced as a therapeutic option for selected infertile couples in different centres worldwide 20 years ago. It has been suggested for other indications as well, e.g. for pregnant women at risk of a child with Rhesus-D haemolytic disease, or as a vaccine which might reduce the receptiveness for HIV-1 infection. Here we report on our experience on adverse side-effects of intradermal lymphocyte immunotherapy (LIT) for infertile couples using partner’s lymphocytes. METHODS: Prospective 4 week follow-up of all couples from 2000 to 2003 for acute reactions (feedback 2587/3246, 83%). All couples treated between 1996 and 2002 received questionnaires after 2-3 years (feedback 1914/3041, 63%). RESULTS: Local reactions predominantly consisted of redness and itching for ~2 weeks. Systemic reactions could be attributed to LIT in 6-8%. Blisters at the injection sites were characteristic of LIT but not dependent on the HLA class I mismatch status between cell donor and host. The incidence of autoimmune disease was 0.1%. Four patients developed thromboembolism in pregnancy which was not ascribed to antiphospholipid syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: Acute side-effects are comparable to those reported after intradermal vaccination for infectious diseases. Specific risks for anaphylaxis, autoimmune or graft versus host disease were not detected.

Keywords: allogeneic lymphocyte immunotherapy/autoimmunity/graft versus host disease/HIV/Rhesus haemolytic disease.
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