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Hum. Reprod. Advance Access published online on February 23, 2006
Human Reproduction, doi:10.1093/humrep/del003
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and Oxford University Press are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oupjournals.org
Received September 9, 2005
Revised December 12, 2005
Accepted December 20, 2005

Article

Indices of low-grade chronic inflammation in polycystic ovary syndrome and the beneficial effect of metformin

Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis 1 *, Thomas Paterakis 1, Krystallenia Alexandraki 1, Christina Piperi 2, Athanasios Aessopos 1, Ilias Katsikis 3, Nikolaos Katsilambros 4, George Kreatsas 5, and Dimitrios Panidis 3

1 Endocrine Section, First Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens
2 Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens
3 Division of Endocrinology and Human Reproduction, Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki
4 Department of Propedeutic Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens
5 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aretaieion Hospital Athens, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis, E-mail: akandara{at}otenet.gr


  Abstract

BACKGROUND: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an increased prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) and related disorders. Elevated serum levels of cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) reflect low-grade chronic inflammation and have been associated with several insulin-resistant states. The objective of this study is to investigate whether soluble inflammatory markers [soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble endothelial leu-kocyte adhesion molecule-1 (sE-selectin), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) and C-reactive protein (CRP)] are altered in PCOS and to further elucidate the effect of metformin treatment on their levels. METHODS: Two young populations were studied [62 women with PCOS and 45 normal women of similar age, BMI and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)]. Plasma levels of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, sE-selectin and high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) were measured in both groups. Additionally, the effect of metformin on these molecules was investigated in 22 women with PCOS who accepted to metformin protocol (1700 mg daily for a 6-month period). RESULTS: In the total population studied, plasma levels of hsCRP (mg/l), sICAM-1 (ng/ml) and sE-selectin (ng/ml) were higher in the PCOS group compared with those in controls (hsCRP 1.31 ± 0.22 versus 0.92 ± 0.27, P = 0.014, sICAM-1 301.21 ± 24.80 versus 209.86 ± 17.05, P = 0.025, sE-selectin 57.37 ± 4.08 versus 45.67 ± 4.62, P = 0.045, respectively). sVCAM-1 (ng/ml) did not differ statistically among the two groups (P = 0.896). A significant reduction in hsCRP and sVCAM-1 was achieved after 6 months of metformin administration: PCOS pretreatment hsCRP 1.92 ± 0.60 versus PCOS post-treatment hsCRP 0.52 ± 0.26, P = 0.005; PCOS pretreatment sVCAM-1 668.09 ± 98.38 versus PCOS post-treatment sVCAM-1 365.82 ± 99.77, P = 0.039. CONCLUSION: These findings imply the presence of chronic inflammation in women with PCOS. Metformin decreases the levels of plasma inflammatory indices. Further investigation is required to determine whether these findings may prove to be of clinical significance for PCOS patients.

Keywords: cellular adhesion molecules/inflammation/insulin resistance/metformin/PCOS.
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