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Hum. Reprod. Advance Access published online on May 9, 2006
Human Reproduction, doi:10.1093/humrep/del151
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received January 1, 2006
Revised March 20, 2006
Accepted April 7, 2006

Article

Frozen embryo transfers: implications of clinical and embryological factors on the pregnancy outcome

Andres Salumets 1 *, Anne-Maria Suikkari 2, Sirpa Mäkinen 2, Helle Karro 3, Anu Roos 4, and Timo Tuuri 2

1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia
2 Infertility Clinic, The Family Federation of Finland, Helsinki, Finland
3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
4 Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Andres Salumets, E-mail: asalumets{at}novavita.ee


  Abstract

BACKGROUND: Frozen embryo transfers are characterized by impaired pregnancy outcome and increased incidence of pregnancy loss as compared with fresh IVF/ICSI embryo transfers. In this study, we performed a retrospective analysis of clinical and embryological factors that potentially influence the outcome of frozen embryo transfer. METHODS: We reviewed the outcome of 1242 frozen embryo transfers with respect to the age of the woman, the method of fertilization, embryo quality before and after freezing and the number of embryos transferred. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The pregnancy (positive hCG) and clinical pregnancy rates were 25.8 and 21.1%, respectively. A total of 107 (33.3%) of the 321 pregnancies identified by a positive hCG test miscarried either before (18.4%) or after (15%) the clinical recognition of gestational sac(s). The delivery rate for the frozen embryo transfers analysed was 17.2%. Our data revealed that the delivery rate after frozen embryo transfer was dependent on both the woman’s age and the quality of embryos transferred, at the same time being unaffected by IVF/ICSI treatment. In addition, the increased woman’s age at IVF/ICSI treatment was identified as the only parameter elevating the biochemical pregnancy rate, whereas the clinical abortion rate was found to be unrelated to the clinical or embryological parameters studied.

Keywords: abortion/embryo quality/frozen embryo transfer/IVF.
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